Judaism

Judaism

Nature of God

Evangelical Christianity - 

One God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Matthew 28:19; John 1:1

Judaism - 

One indivisible God; the Trinity is rejected. 
Deuteronomy 6:4; Isaiah 44:6

Jesus' Identity

Evangelical Christianity - 
Jesus is the Messiah and God incarnate.
John 20:28; Colossians 2:9

Judaism - 
Jesus is not the Messiah and is not divine.
Deuteronomy 13:1-5 (often cited in Jewish critiques of messianic claims)

The Messiah

Evangelical Christianity -
Jesus fulfilled Messianic prophecies and will return to complete the remainder.
Luke 24:44; Acts 2:29-36

Judaism - 
The Messiah has not yet come and will fulfill all Messianic prophecies in one appearance.
Isaiah 11:1-12; Ezekiel 37:21-28

The Trinity

Evangelical Christianity - 
One God in three persons.
Matthew 28:19

Judaism - 
Strict monotheism; God is one being, not three persons
Deuteronomy 6:4

Salvation

Evangelical Christianity - 
By grace through faith in Christ.
Ephesians 2:8-9

Judaism - 
Through covenant relationship with God, repentance, faithfulness, and obedience.
Deuteronomy 30:11-14; Ezekiel 18:21-23

Original Sin

Evangelical Christianity - 
Humanity inherits a fallen nature from Adam.
Romans 5:12

Judaism - 
Humans are born with the ability to choose good or evil; inherited guilt is generally rejected.
Ezekiel 18:20

Atonement

Evangelical Christianity - 
Jesus' death provides atonement for sin.
Hebrews 9:12-14

Judaism - 
Repentance, prayer, and God's mercy provide atonement; no belief in Jesus' sacrificial role.
Hosea 14:2; Psalm 51:16-17

Scripture

Evangelical Christianity -
Old and New Testaments are inspired Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16

Judaism -
The Tanakh is Scripture; the New Testament is not accepted as divine revelation.
Deuteronomy 4:2

Authority

Evangelical Christianity -
Bible alone is the ultimate authority.
2 Timothy 3:16-17

Judaism - 
Tanakh, Talmud, and centuries of rabbinic interpretation.
Pirkei Avot 1:1; Talmud

Temple Sacrifices

Evangelical Christianity - 
Fulfilled by Christ's sacrifice
Hebrews 10:10-14

Judaism - 
Sacrifices ceased with the destruction of the Second Temple in AD 70.
Hosea 14:2; Talmud Berakhot 26b

Resurrection

Evangelical Christianity - 
Jesus rose bodily from the dead.
1 Corinthians 15:3-8

Judaism - 
Jesus' resurrection is not accepted; future resurrection is expected at the end of days.
Daniel 12:2

The Holy Spirit

Evangelical Christianity - 
Third Person of the Trinity.
Acts 5:3-4

Judaism - 
God's presence, power, or Spirit, but not a distinct divine person.
Genesis 1:2; Isaiah 63:10-11

The New Covenant

Evangelical Christianity - 
Fulfilled through Jesus.
Luke 22:20; Hebrews 8

Judaism - 
Awaited in its fullest sense; not identified with Jesus.
Jeremiah 31:31-34

Life After Death

Evangelical Christianity - 
Heaven or Hell based on relationship with Christ.
John 3:16; Revelation 20

Judaism - 
Beliefs vary; many Jews affirm the World to Come and future resurrection.
Daniel 12:2

Israel's Covenant

Evangelical Christianity - 
God's covenant with Israel remains significant but is fulfilled in Christ.
Romans 11:1-29

Judaism - 
Israel remains God's covenant people under the covenant given through Moses.
Genesis 17:7

If Jesus truly fulfilled the Messianic prophecies and rose from the dead, then following Him would be embracing the Messiah whom Israel had been awaiting.